Incidence of mycoflora associated with some spices
Keywords:
Spices, mycoflora, percent incidence, isolates, predominantAbstract
The spices including black pepper, fennel and cumin are extensively utilized by majority of world’s polulation in response to multifold used as food, medicine, flavouring and colouring agent. In storage, seed borne contaminants not only deteriorate the seeds but also alter the physio-chemical properties of seeds leading to increase the chances of consuming toxic elements, produced by storage mycoflora. In the present investigation, composite samples of black pepper, fennel and cumin were mycologicaly analyzed by standard agar plating technique revealed the prevalence of altogether 15 fungal seed borne pathogens representing 12 genera with maximum four species of Aspergillus. A population of 12 fungal species associated with seeds of black pepper; 11 isolates existed on fennel while eight on cumin. The fungal isolates, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Rhizopus nigricans and Cladosporium cladosporioides were predominant on all three test spices. Chaetomium globosum restricted only to black pepper; Syncephalastrum recemosum to cumin while Torula herbarum was existed only on fennel. Aspergillus niger was predominant with greatest 23% incidence on cumin, while excluding Chaetomium globosum, other fungal isolates had moderate to low percent incidence on spices.
Downloads
References
1. Ahmad N, Fazal H, Abbasi BH, Farooq S, Ali M, Khan MA (2012) Biological role of Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper): A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, S1945 1953.
2. Annies Remedy (2014) Funnel seeds : medicinal uses and Benefits. Health from Nature. www.annesremedy.com /herb_deta 24 php. (Retrieve3d on Feb., 5, 2014).
3. Bhajbhuje MN (2013). Biodiversity of fungal mycoflora in storage of Solanum melongena seeds L . Int. J. of Life Sciences, 1(3): 165-181.
4. Bokhari FM (2007) Spices mycobiota and mycotoxins available in Saudi Arabia and their abilities to inhibit growth of some toxigenic fungi. Microbiology, 35(2): 47-53.
5. Brakhage AA, Schroeckh V. (2011) Fungal secondary metabolites in strategies of activate silentgene of clusters. Fungal Gene. Biol., 48(1) : 15-22.
6. CMI (2010) Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Description of Pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Kew Surey, England. Pp 451-460.
7. Divakara Sastry EV and Sharma RK (2001) Seed spices, production, quality and export. (Ed. Sanjeev Agrawal, Divakara Sastry, E.V. and Sharma, R.K.) Pointer Pub., pp. 19.
8. Gilman JC (2001) A manual of soil fungi. Biotech. Book Publ. Delhi, pp. 392.
9. Hashmi MH (1988) Seed-borne mycoflora of fenugreek. Pak. J. Bot., 20: 233-237.
10. Hedawoo GB, Chakranarayan RG (2011). Isolation of fungal spices from the seeds of some Indian spices. Biosci Biotech, Res. Comm. 4(2) : 208-210.
11. ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) (2012). International rules for seed testing. International ISTA News Bulletin, No. 143. Zurich, Switzerland.
12. Mokadam DS, Chavan Ashok, Patil MS and Patil AR (2006) The illustrations of fungi. Saraswati printing press, Aurangabad. (M.S.) India.
13. Neergaard Paul (1977) Seed Pathology, Vol. I & II. The MacMillon Press, London, UK. Pp. 1-1187.
14. Pant Rashmi (2011) Seed mycoflora of coriander and effect of some fungal metabolite on seed germination and seedling growth. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci., 2(1):127-130.
15. Rahimi R, Ardekani, MdRS (2013).Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. Cinease J. of introgrative medicine, 19(1); 73 -79.
16. Seema K and Basu M (2003) Evaluation of aflatoxin contamination in different spices. Ind. Phytopath., 56(4): 457-459.
17. Srivastava RK and Chandra S (1985) Studies on seed mycoflora of some spices in India: Qualitative and quantitative estimations. International Biodeterio., 21: 19-26.
18. Sumanth GT, Waghmare BM and Shinde SR (2010) Incidence of mycoflora from the seeds of Indian main spices. Afric. J. of Agri.Res., 5(22): 3122-3125.
19. Ramesh Ch and Jayagoudar S (2013) Mycoflora of some spices from Dharwad, India. Res. J.Agri. and Forestry Sci., 1(8): 13-22.
20. Wikipedia (2014) Spice. Wikimedia Foundation, Org. en.wikipedia,org/wiki. Inc . (Retrieved on Feb.5, 2014)
21. Wisegeekhealth (2014). What are medicinal uses of Cumin? www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-are-the-medicinal-uses-of-cumin.htm . (Retrieve3d on Feb., 5, 2014).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/
