Response of metabolites from culture filtrates of Alternaria species against Triticum aestivum L
Keywords:
Alternaria alternata, A. solani, metabolites, growth promoter, toxicity, Triticum aestivum LAbstract
Metabolites are known products of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur naturally within cell. The potential of metabolites of two Alternaria species, A. alternata, and A. solani from culture filtrate in Czapek’s nutrient broth, was investigated against Triticum aestivum L both in laboratory bioassays and in pots. In laboratory bioassays, the potential of culture filtrates of both Alternaria species was studied on seed germination and seedling emergence in blotter paper slots. The metabolites from 5-days culture filtrate of both Alternaria species enhanced seed germination rate by 9.6 - 10.2% while length of shoot, shoot fresh biomass, length of root and root fresh biomass of wheat seedlings was increased over control by 10-12%; 9-13%; 12-14% and 9-14% respectively. Rate of transformation of germinated seeds to normal seedlings was enhanced over control when treated with 5-days old culture filtrate. The toxicity of culture filtrate increases with longer duration of treatment. The toxicity appeared in 10-25 days old culture filtrates, significantly inhibited seed germination, shoot length, shoot fresh biomass, root length and root fresh biomass over control. In pot trials, foliar application of culture filtrates was made on 1-week and 2-week old wheat seedlings. The seedlings receiving 5-days old metabolites treatment of both Alternaria species markedly enhanced the shoot biomass while seedlings emerged from 10-25 days old metabolites treated seeds reduced the shoot biomass. The seedlings of 2-week age old were reported more susceptible to foliar spray than the 1-week old. The reduction in shoot biomass was more significant to 2-week old wheat seedlings when treated with 10-25 days old metabolites. It is revealed that metabolites from 5-days old culture filtrate of both Alternaria species resulted enhance effect, may be able to be used as alternative growth promoter while other treatments had inhibitory effects, and may be beneficial for destroying the weeds which reduce the productivity of economical important crops
Downloads
References
Akbar M, Javaid A (2010) Management of some problematic weeds of wheat by metabolites o Drechslera sp. prepared in malt extract medium. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res., 16(2): 145-151.
Anand T, Bhaskaran R, Raghuchander T (2008) Production of cell wall degrading enzymes and tons by Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria alternata causing fruit rot of chilies, J. of Plant Protection Res., 48(4): 437-451.
Bhajbhuje MN (2013) Karyotoxicity of fungal metabolites in Trigonella foenum-graceum L. Int. Res. J. of Sci., & Engg., 1(2) : 47-54.
Bhajbhuje MN (2014) Response of fungal metabolites on meristematic cells from roots of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Asiatic Jour. Biotech Resources. Special issue, 4(3) : 41-47.
Bhajbhuje, MN (2015) Potential of Alternaria triticina metabolites against Triticum aestivum L. Scholars World. International Referred Multidisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research, 3 : 1-5.
Bhajbhuje MN, Poonam Pathode (2014) Role of fungal metabolites on seed viability and seedling emergence of Triticum aestivum L. International Journal of life Sciences, Special issue A2 : Oct. 2014 pp. 56-58
Brakhage AA, Schroeckh V (2011) Fungal secondary metabolites in strategies of activate silent gene of clusters. Fungal Gene. Biol., 2011; 48(1) : 15-22.
Chung Kung-Ren (2012) Stress response and pathogenicity of the Necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata. Scientific, 20(12): 635-641.
EFSA (2011) Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food EFSA Journal, 9(10):2407.
Helambe SS, Dande RP (2012) Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.): An Overview Int. J. of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research,; 2(4) : 169-187.
Holensein JE, Stoessi A (2008) Metabolites of Alternaria solani Part IX: Phytotoxocity of Altersolarol-A Envi. Health Penlt., 108(2):143-147.
Islam NF and Borthakur SK (2012) Screening of mycota associated with Arjung rice seed and their effects on seed germination and seedling vigour. Pl path & Quarantine, 2(1) : 75-85.
ISTA (2014) Seed Testing. International ISTA News Bulletin No. 145. Zurich, Switzerland,
Kandhare AS (2015) Mycotoxic effects of seed-borne fungi on seed Health of black gram. Jour of Plant & Agric. Res., 1(1) : 1-3.
Madhavi M, Kavita A, Vijayalaxmi M (2012) Studies of Alternaria porri (Ellis) Ciferri pathogenic to Onion (Allium cepa L.). Archives of Applied Sci. Res., 4(1) : 1-9.
Mamgain A, Roychoudhary, Jagatpati T (2013) Alternaria pathogenicity & its strategic controls. Res. J. of Biol. 1:1-9
Mokhtar H, Aid Dehimat (2013) Study of Trichoderma harzianum filtrate on viability of some hard wheat seeds and on their interior associated fungi. Agri ., Biol. J. North America, 4(1) : 48-53.
Raithak PV, Gachande BD (2013) Effect of culture filtrates of tomato plant pathogenic fungi on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Curr. Bot., 4(1):9-11.
Savitha AS, Naik MK, Ajithkumar K (2012) Alternaria sesame, causing blight of sesame produces toxin and induces the host for systemic resistance. Asian J. of Res. in Chemistry, 5 (9) : 1176-1181.
Sung GH, Bhushan S, Park KB Park, SK Han and JM (2011) Enhancing effect of Shimizuomyces paradoxus on seed germination & seedling growth of Canola, Plant growth of Cucumber & Harvest of tomato. Mycobiology, 39(1) : 7-11.
Taylor RD, Koo WW (2011) Outbreak of the U.S. and World wheat industries 2010-2020. Centre of Agricultural policy and Trade studies, North State University, Fargo, North Dakota58108-6050.
Tsuge T, Harimoto Y, Akimitsu K, Ohtani K, Kodama M, Akaqi Y, Equsa M, Yamamoto M, and Otani H (2013) Host- selective toxins produced by the plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata, Microbiol. Review, 37(1): 44-66.
Vedna kumari, Kumar A, Choudhary HK, Prasad R, Jambhulkar, Sharma S (2014) In vitro screening method: An efficient tool for screening Alternaria blight resistance/tolerance during early generations in Ethiopian mustards (Brassica carinata , B. braun). African J. Agric. Res., 9(1) : 137-143.
Wagh P, Sinha S, Singh HK, Khare UK (2013) Pathogenic behavior of Alternaria alternata and phytotoxicity of its culture filtrates on Lepidium sativum: A medicinal herb of immense pharmacological potential. The Bioscan, 8(2) : 643-647.
Wikipedia. (2015) Wheat. Wikimedia Foundation, Org. en.wikipedia,org/wiki. Inc . (Rertived Feb., 15, 2015).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/
