Study of Antimicrobial activity of Ag and Se Nanoparticles against Clinically Isolated Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus

Authors

  • Poonam Verma Research Scholar, School of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
  • Sanjiv Kumar Maheshwari Professor, Institute of Bio Science and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Deva Road, India

Keywords:

Microorganisms, Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus, SEM, Nanoparticles, Well diffusion test, Ag-NPs, Se-NPs

Abstract

Introduction- Bacterial biofilm is a group of bacterial cells, covered by self-produced polymeric matrix film, which adheres very tightly to an inert or living surface constituting a protected mode of growth, allows survival in the unfavorable environment. Silver compounds have been used to treat burns, wounds, and infections. The effect of silver nanoparticles on the cell morphology of Staphylococcus aureus has been studied using SEM microscopy. Various salts of silver and their derivatives are used as antimicrobial agents against a wide range of pathogenic microbes. Selenium is an essential trace element. Selenium in the form of nanoparticles strongly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus on polycarbonate medical devices and no negative influence showed on osteoblastic cell growth. Methodology- This study performed on thirty-six positive clinical samples of Urine, Blood and Pus. It was evaluated to phenotypic analysis test for biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains by Congo red agar (CRA), Tube method (TM), and Tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by adopting chemical reduction, whereas Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized by the reduction of sodium selenite by glutathione (reduced form). Antimicrobial activity was performed by well diffusion test of Ag and Se nanoparticles against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains. Results- Distribution pattern showed the highest isolation rate from pus 30 (83.33%) followed by blood 4 (11.11%), and urine 2 (5.56%). Among the thirty-six positive samples screened for the present study, zero identified as biofilm-forming S. aureus and Intermediate, whereas all strains 36 (100%) showed as non biofilm-forming S. aureus by Congo red agar (CRA) method. Another method for Biofilm formation were performed by Tube method, 5 (13.89%) was strongly positive and 20 (55.56%) isolates unable to not shown any biofilm production, whereas via Tissue culture plate (TCP) method showed 12 (33.33%) high biofilm-producer while 16 (44.44%) were non biofilm producer. Ag-NPs showed morphology average size and shape with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals spherical particles with the size of 80.32 nm whereas, Se-NPs showed the size of 74.29 nm with scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion- For well diffusion inhibitory concentration test, 50 μl of the nanoparticles each (aqueous solution of silver and selenium) and 50 μl antibiotic (aqueous solution of amoxicillin as a positive control) were used. In this study amongst the two nanoparticles (Ag & Se) tested, silver nanoparticles were found to be the active inhibitory effects against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains (SA12, SA15, SA32), whereas selenium nanoparticles demonstrated the low inhibitory effects (SA23).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Bisno AL, and Beachey EH (1982) Adherence of slime producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces, Infect Immun; 37: 318-326.

Christnsen GD, Simpson WA, Younger JA, Baddour LM, Barrett FF, Melten DM and Beachey EH (1985) Adherence of coagulase negative staphylococci to plastic tissue cultures: A quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J. Clin. Microbiol, 1985; 22(6):996-1006.

Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, Korber DR, Lappin-Scott HM (1995) Microbial biofilms. Annu Rev Microbiol.; 49:711-45.

Dall’Antonia M, Coen PG, Wilks M, Whiley A, Millar M (2005) Competition between methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares. J Hosp Infect; 61:62-7.

Donlan RM, and Costerton JW (2002) Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev; 15:167-93.

El-Kheshen AA, and El-Rab SFG (2012) Effect of reducing and protecting agents on size of silver nanoparticles and their anti-bacterial activity. Der Pharma Chemica,; 4(1): 53-65.

Freeman DJ, Falkiner FR, and Keane CT (1989) New method for detecting slime production by coagulase negative staphylococci. J Clin Pathol,; 42:872–874.

Holt JG, Bergey, DH and Krieg NR ( 1984) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA; 2:1015-1019.

Kalimuthu K, Babu SR, Venkataraman D, Bilal M, Gurunathan S (2008) Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces; 65:150-153. Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H (1997) Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev,; 10:505-20.

Malarkodi C, Rajeshkumar S, Paulkumar K, Gnanajobitha G, Vanaja M, Annadurai G (2013) Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: An International Journal; 3: 26-32.

Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA and Yolken RH (2003) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th edn. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard. NCCLS document M2-A5. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, Pa, 1993.

Razi MK, Maamoury RS, and Banihashemi S (2011) Preparation of nano selenium particles by water solution phase method from industrial dust. Int. J. Nano. Dim, 1(4):261-267.

Salomoni R, Leo P and Rodrigues MFA (2015) Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Staphylococcus aureus and Cytotoxicity Effect in Mammalian Cells. The Battle Against Microbial Pathogens: Basic Science, Technological Advances and Educational Programs (A. Mendez-Vilas, Ed.),; pp: 851-857.

Sileikaite A, Puiso J, and Prosycevas I (2009) Investigation of Silver Nanoparticles Formation Kinetics during Reduction of Silver Nitrate with Sodium Citrate. Materials Science; 15(1):21-27.

Tran PA, Webstar TJ (2011) Selenium nanoparticles inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth. Int J Nanomedicine, 6: 1553-1558.

Verma P, Maheshwari SK (2017). Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) assay of Silver and Selenium Nanoparticles against Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus. JMSCR, 5(4): 20213-20222.

Verma P, Maheshwari SK, and Mathur A (2013) A review on Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Disassembly. Int. J Pharm Sci Res, 4(7): 2900-2906.

Williams RE (1963) Healthy carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: its prevalence and importance. Bacteriological reviews; 27:56–71.

Xiangqian, L., Huizhong, X., Zhe-Sheng, C., and Guofang, C (2011) Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms and their applications. J Nanomater; 270974: 1–16

Downloads

Published

2017-07-07

How to Cite

Poonam Verma, & Sanjiv Kumar Maheshwari. (2017). Study of Antimicrobial activity of Ag and Se Nanoparticles against Clinically Isolated Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Life Sciences, 5(2), 247–253. Retrieved from https://ijlsci.in/ls/index.php/home/article/view/1390