Survey and investigation of fungal pathogens in Ficus carica L. throughout Beed district.

Abstract

In India, Anjeer (Ficus carica L.) is a common edible fruit. It contains potassium, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, C, and K, among others. India produces 14,698 tons of anjeer annually, ranking 12th in the world. Despite being a modest fruit crop, Anjeer is one of the most important cash crops in the fruit category. Regarding the Beed district, the temperature often ranges from 31 to 40 degrees celsius, but during the winter it drops below 25 degrees, which encourages fungus to attack Anjeer plants. One of the prevalent fungal diseases in Anjeer is rust disease. Tiny golden dots on the upper surface of leaves are signs of rust disease. These dots are merely reddish-brown blemishes that enlarge with time. Another prevalent fungal disease that affects every part of plants is anthracnose. Anthracnose initially manifests as tiny, black, yellow or brown dots on leaves. These patches become larger and spread to entire regions as the disease worsens. Additionally, it results in cankers on leaf petioles and stems. Anthracnose is typically transmitted by airborne conidia and plant debris. A well-known fungal disease of figs, leaf spot is distinguished by tiny brown patches that appear on the leaves. In the end, the leaf's centre becomes papery and falls off. The 25–27 degree celsius temperature range is ideal for the development of leaf spot disease. During the wet season, it spread quickly. The development of Alternaria rot used to occur in warm, humid weather. Alternaria sp. is the causative fungus which grows on leaves and produces fruit with sunken yellow olive blemishes or olive green flecks. Aspergillus rot disease used to manifest signs in the interior tissues of figs under water stress situations. Anjeer leaf blight disease is another prevalent condition that manifests as little patches of yellow on the leaves and become brown most of the time. In general, leaf blight thrives in warm, humid weather. These are Anjeer's well-known reported fungal diseases.