Traditional Knowledge and Use of Medicinal Plants by Indigenous Tribes of Surgana Region

Abstract

The indigenous tribes of Surgana Tahsil in Nashik District, Maharashtra, possess a rich heritage of traditional knowledge related to the use of medicinal plants for primary healthcare. This study documents and analyzes the ethnomedicinal practices followed by tribal communities such as the Bhil, Kokna, and Mahadev Koli, who depend largely on forest resources for the treatment of various ailments. Extensive field surveys were conducted across selected villages of Surgana, involving interviews with traditional healers, elderly villagers, and knowledgeable informants using semi-structured questionnaires and participatory observation methods. Plant specimens cited by informants were collected, identified, and authenticated using standard floras. The investigation recorded a significant diversity of medicinal plant species belonging to different families, growth forms, and habitats. These plants are traditionally used to treat common health problems such as fever, cough, cold, skin infections, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. Various plant parts including leaves, roots, bark, seeds, latex, and fruits are utilized in the form of decoctions, pastes, powders, juices, and infusions. The study highlights the deep understanding of plant properties, preparation techniques, dosage, and modes of administration preserved by the tribal healers through oral traditions across generations. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices such as use value and informant consensus indicate the reliability and cultural importance of several key species in the local healthcare system. However, rapid socio-economic changes, deforestation, and declining interest among younger generations pose a serious threat to the preservation of this indigenous knowledge. The documentation of such traditional practices is therefore crucial for conserving both the biological resources and the associated cultural heritage.This study emphasizes the potential of ethnomedicinal knowledge in contributing to modern pharmacological research, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable utilization of forest resources, while recognizing the need to protect the intellectual property rights of indigenous communities.