An analysis of aquatic biodiversity of the Chambal River in Dholpur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The Chambal River, flowing along the Dholpur district of Rajasthan, is one of the most significant freshwater ecosystems in northern India, known for its rich aquatic biodiversity and ecological importance. Despite its protected status under the National Chambal Sanctuary, the river system faces multiple pressures from anthropogenic activities and changing climatic conditions. The prime objective of the present study is to analyze the diversity and distribution of aquatic species in the Chambal stretch of Dholpur, with particular emphasis on fishes, freshwater turtles, gharials (Gavialis gangeticus), and the endangered Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica).For the purpose of investigation, primary field surveys were conducted along different sampling stations across the river using direct sighting, transect methods, and photographic documentation. Secondary data from sanctuary records and published reports were also utilized to supplement the findings.

The results reveal a remarkable species richness, including more than 50 species of fishes, 8 species of freshwater turtles, and the presence of globally threatened reptiles such as the gharial. Occasional sightings of the Gangetic dolphin reaffirm the river’s critical role as a biodiversity hotspot. However, declining populations of several species were noted, primarily due to illegal sand mining, overfishing, and habitat degradation. The discussion highlights that while the sanctuary framework has provided partial protection, effective enforcement, community participation, and sustainable management strategies are urgently required. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the ecological and conservation value of the Chambal River in Dholpur and calls for integrated measures to safeguard its aquatic biodiversity for future generations.

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