Gender determination and inheritance of handwriting features: A Forensic Approach
Keywords:
Inheritance, Gender, Handwriting, Hormonal Changes, Neuromotor FunctioningAbstract
Handwriting is a unique characteristic of a person. As the use of documents has increased over the time, the misuse and crime related to documents has increased immensely. One of the important aspects of handwriting that helps in identification of an individual are the natural variations. Identification of gender helps in reducing the suspect pool in a significant manner. On the other side, in disputes involving family wills, property related documents, family members are the probable culprits. So, the resemblance and differences in the characteristics of family members is an important area of study. Handwriting, also known as brain writing is found to be significantly different in males and females. Due to hormonal changes and physiological differences among the different genders, the neuromotor functioning of the brain is also affected which eventually affects the thinking manner of the two, thereby causing the variations in the handwriting. There are discriminatory features which are observed in the writing of males and females which may help in the determination of the gender of the writer as well as the genotypic inheritance of certain characteristics. A detailed review of literature has been performed on the studies in various repositories, databases and scientific portals.
Downloads
References
Ahuja P, Chaudhary PK, Manve P, Christal G,& Dahiya MS (2018). Study of Genetic and Environmental Influence on Handwriting of Monozygotic Twins. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 17-22.
Akbari Y, Nouri K, Sadri J, Djeddi C & Siddiqi I (2017). Wavelet-based gender detection on off-line handwritten documents using probabilistic finite state automata. Image and Vision Computing, 59: 17-30.
Badiye A & Kapoor N (2016). Morphologic variations of lip-print patterns in a Central Indian population: A preliminary study. Medicine, Science and the Law, 56(3):200-204.
Badiye A, Bansal H, Rahatgaonkar A & Yadav M (2016). Footprint breadth dimensions: Is it possible to determine sex and/or side? Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 38(4): 420-422.
Bansal HD, Badiye AD & Kapoor NS (2014). Distribution of fingerprint patterns in an Indian population. Malaysian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 5(2):18-21.
Bi N, Suen CY, Nobile N, & Tan J (2019). A multi-feature selection approach for gender identification of handwriting based on kernel mutual information. Pattern Recognition Letters, 121: 123-132.
Cordasco G, Buonanno M, Faundez-Zanuy M, Riviello MT, Likforman-Sulem L & Esposito A (2020, September). Gender Identification through Handwriting: An Online Approach. In 2020 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) (pp. 000197-000202). IEEE.
Gattal A, Djeddi C, Siddiqi I, & Chibani Y (2018). Gender classification from offline multi-script handwriting images using oriented basic image features (oBIFs). Expert Systems with Applications, 99: 155-167.
Gupta T, Sharma M & Garg N (2015). Role of cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, and dactyloscopy for human identification.
Huber RA & Headrick AM (1999). Handwriting identification: facts and fundamentals. CRC press. ISBN: 9781420048773
Ibrahim AS, Youssef AE & Abbott AL (2014). Global vs. local features for gender identification using Arabic and English handwriting. In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) (pp. 000155-000160). IEEE.
Kapoor N & Badiye A (2015). Digital dermatoglyphics: A study on Muslim population from India. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 5(3):90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.08.001
Kapoor N & Badiye A (2015). Sex differences in the thumbprint ridge density in a central Indian population. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 5(1): 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.05.001
Kelly Seaman J & Lindblom B (2006). Scientific examination of questioned documents. New York, USA, 133. ISBN: 10: 0-8493-2044-5
Kiran P & Sridhar D (2017). A study to determine the inheritance pattern of characteristics of handwriting between parents and off springs. Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology, 5(3):304.
Krishan K, Kanchan T & Sharma A (2011). Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population. Journal of forensic sciences, 56(2): 453-459.
Kumar S, Saran V, Vaid BA & Gupta AK (2013). Handwriting and gender: A statistical study. Z Zagadnień Nauk Sądowych, (95):620-626.
Morris RN (2020). Forensic handwriting identification: fundamental concepts and principles. Academic press. ISBN: 0-12-507640-1
Núñez F, Maraver MJ & Colzato (2020). L.S. Sex Hormones as Cognitive Enhancers? J Cogn Enhanc 4:228–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-019-00156-1
Sahu M & Ya A (2017). Examination of Handwritng. Journal of Current Research, 9(01): 45923-45928.
Saini M, Srinivasan A, & Kapoor AK (2015). Inheritance of Handwriting Features. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES), 4(4): 01-05.
Saran V, Kumar S, Ahmed S, & Gupta AK (2013). Similarities of Slant in Handwriting of Close Genotypic Family Members. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, 4.
Sharma BR (2012). Treatise on handwriting forensics. New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 978-93-5035-107-9
Sokic E, Salihbegovic A & Ahic-Djokic M (2012). Analysis of off-line handwritten text samples of different gender using shape descriptors. In 2012 IX International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Topaloglu M, & Ekmekci S (2017). Gender detection and identifying one's handwriting with handwriting analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 79: 236-243.
Tsuchichashi Y (1974). Studies on personal identification by means of lip print. Forensic Sci Int, 3:233-48.
Upadhyay S, Singh J & Shukla SK (2017). Determination of Sex Through Handwriting Characteristics. Int J Cur Res Rev|, 9(13):11.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Bansal H, Mishra SD, Kapoor N, Badiye A
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/