Effect of Azadirachtin on the haemolymph protein profile of lepidopteran pest Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Keywords:
Azadirachtin, Pericallia ricini, SDS-PAGEAbstract
SDS-PAGE analyses are important for better understanding of insect development and physiological process. There is a significant change has been observed in haemolymph protein concentration and protein bands and its staining intensities. SDS-PAGE protein profile of haemolymph of control revealed the presence of about 18 stained polypeptide bands of varying intensities with molecular weight ranging from 14 to 97.4kDa. The protein content was found decreasing and increasing with the increased concentration of Azadirachtin treatment but the untreated set recorded maximum value. The staining intensity of 45kDa protein band was observed as a major band and also15kDa, 20kDa, 25kDa, 32kDa and 35kDa protein fraction has been observed as a thick band in the treatment. Consequently, there was a significant decrease of protein concentration was noticed with respect to subsequent treatments based on the appearance, disappearance and staining intensity of the protein bands.
Downloads
References
An C, Kanost MR (2010) Manduca sexta serpin-5 regulates prophenoloxidase activities and the toll signaling pathway by inhibiting haemolymph proteinase HP6. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 40(9): 683–689.
doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.07.001
Ayeed TH, Dorrah MA, Shaurub EH, EI-Sadawy HA (2001) Effect of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterohaboditis bacteriophora HPSS and Azadirachtin on the immune defense response and prophenoloxidase of Parasarcophaga larva (Diptera: Sarrcophagidae). J. Egypt. Soc.Oarasitol. 31(1), 295-325.
Ayyangar GSG, Rao PJ (1990) Changes in haemolymph constituents of Spodoptera litura (Fabr) under the influence of Azadirachtin. Indian. J. Ent. 52(1), 69-83.
Berge JB, Feyeresien R, Amichot M (1998) Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and insecticide resistance in insects. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.B. 353, 1701-1705.
Brookes VJ (1969) The induction of Yolk synthesis in the fat body of an insect Leucophase moderate by an analogue of the juvenile hormone. Dev.Biol. 20, 459-471.
Brown D, Zhang L, Wen Z, Scott JG (2003) Induction of P450 monooxygenase in the German Cockroach, Blattela germanica,L.Arch.Insect. Physiology. 17, 969-977.
Chen CC, Dong YJ, Chen LL, Hou RF (1996) Deterent effect of neem seed kernel extract on oviposition of the oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tehritidae) in guava. J. Econ. Entomon. 89, 462-466.
Chen TT, Couble P, De Luca FL, Waytt GB (1976) Juvenile hormone control of vitellogenin synthesis in Locusta migratonia in the juvenile hormones. L.I. Gilbert. (Editor). Newyork Plenum. 505-529.
Chodhury A, Saikila JR, Unni BG (2000) Studies on certain enzymes and metabolites of carbohydrates metabolism and changes in haemolymph protein profile during development in the silkworm, Antheraea assama and Philosamia ricini. Asian journal of Microbiol. Biotech. Environ.Sci. 6, 13-20.
Damara M, Gupta AD (2010) Identification of 86kDa protein as methionine rich hexamenin in the rice moth, Corcyrs cephalanica. Comparative Biochem.Physiol. part B: Biochem. Mol.Biol. 157, 229-237.
Dimetry NZ, Barakat AA, Abdalla EF, Elmetwaly HE, Abd El-Salam AME (1995) Evaluation of two neem seed kernel extracts against Liriomyza trifoli Burg (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Anz Schalingskde Pflanzenschutz Umweltschut, 68, 39-41.
Florkin M, Jeunieux C (1974) Haemolymph comparison. In: Physiology of Insects. Rockstein, M. (Ed). Academic press, Newyork. 5(2), 255-307.
Gelti-Douka H, Gingeras TR, Kambysellis MP (1974) Yolk proteins in Drosophilla identification and site of synthesis. J.Exp.Zool. 187, 167-172.
Godlewski J, Kludkiewicz B, Grzelak K, Cymborowski B (2001) Expression of larval haemolymph proteins (Lhp) genes and protein synthesis in the fat body of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) Larvae during diapauses. J. Insect. Physiol. 47, 759-766.
Gould F (1984) Mixed fuction oxidase and herbivore polyphagy. Ecol. Entomol. 9, 29-34.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radical in biology and medicine. Third ed. Oxford university press, Oxford.
Hegedom HII, Fallon AM, Laufer H (1973) Vitollogenin synthesis by the fat body of the mosquito Ades aegypti: evidence for transcriptional control. Dev. Biol. 31, 285-294.
Kanost MR, Dawooga JK, Ryan RO, Husden MD, Zeilger R (1990) Insect Haemolymph proteins in advance. Insect Physiology. 22, 299-397.
Koeppe J, Oftengand J (1976) Juvenile hormone induced biosynthesis of vitellogenin in Leucophaaea maderae. Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 173, 100-113.
Koopmanschap B, Lammers H, Kort S (1992) Storage proteins are present in the haemolymph from larvae and adults of the Colorado potato beetle. Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol. 20, 119-133.
Koul O, Amanai K, Ohtaki T (1987) Effect of Azadirachtin on the endocrine events of Bombyx mori. J.Insect. Physiol. 33, 103-108.
Kumar D, Subramanyam B, Sharan SK, Mishra PK, Singh BMK, Suryanarayanan N (2008) Endogenous 20- hydroxyl ecdyson level in haemolymph of non diapauses- destined and diapauses destined generations of tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylita Drury and associated development changes. Eur.J.Entomol. 105, 591-508.
Kunkel JG, Lawler DM (1974) Larval specific serum proteins in the order Dictyoptera and Immunological characterization in larval Blattella gerinanica and cross reaction throughout the order. Comp.Bochem.Physiol. 47, 697-710.
Junkel JG, Nordin JH (1985) Yolk proteins. In Kerkut G.A and Gilbert, L.I (Eds): Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and pharmacology. 1, 84-11.
Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227, 680-685.
Miller SG, Silhacek DL (1982) Identification and purification of storage proteins in tissues of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L). Insect. Biochem. 12, 277-292.
Mohamed MI (1990) Sterility and some associated physiological changes in the adult cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates (F). Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. Entomol. Fac. Sci. Ain Shams Univ.
Mordue (Luntz) AJ, Nisbet M (2000) An Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: its action against insects. An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil. 29(4), 615-632.
Mulin DE (1995) Chemistry and physiology of the haemolymph in: Comprehensive Insect Physiology and pharmacology, Kerkut, G.A and L.I. Gilbert (eds). Pergamon press, Oxford. 355-400.
Nair KS, Kariappa BK, Kamble CK (2008) Impact of individual and co administrations of juvenile hormone analogue and phytoecdysteroid on the crop management and performance of silkworm, Bombyx mori. L. J. Biol.Sci. 8, 470-473.
Nathan LS, Nathan RJ (2011) Effect of chitin Biosynthesis Inhibitor Diflubenzuron on the Fifth instar larvae of Pericallia ricini fabr. The Asian journal of animal science. 6(!), 66-70.
Naumann K, Isman MB (1995)Evaluation of neem Azadirchta indica seed extract and oil as oviposition deterrents of noctuid moths. Entomol. Ex. Appl. 76, 115-120.
Neoliya NK, Dwijendra S, Sangawan RS (2007) Azadirachtin based insecticides induce alternation in Helicoverpa armigera Hub. Head Polypeptides. Current Science. 92(1), 94-99.
Nordin JH, Beaudoin EL, Liv X (1990) Proteolytic processing of Blateliager flafica vitellin during early embryo development. Arch. Insect. Biochem.Physiol. 15, 119-135.
Padmaja PG, Rao PJ (2000) Effect of plant oils on the haemolymph proteins of final instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, Entomon. 25(2), 107-115.
Pan ML, Bell WJ, Telfer WH (1969) Vitellogenic blood protein synthesis by insect fat body. Science. 165, 393-394.
Pandey GP, Doharey RB, Varma BK (1981) Efficacy of some vegetable oils for protecting green gram against the attack of Callosobruchus maculates( Fabr). Indian J. Agri.Sci. 51, 910-912.
Raja N, Janhanan S, Ignacimuthu S (2000) Changes of haemolymph protein profile in the larvae of Pericallia ricini (Fab) paratisied by the braconid wasp, Apanteles taragarnae Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Indian J.Egypt. Biol. 38(4), 393-395.
Rao PJ, Kumar KM, Singh S, Subramanyam B (1999) Effcet of Artemisia annua oil on development and reproduction of Dysdercus koenigii F. (Hem: Pyrrhocoridae). J. Applied Entomol. 123(5), 315-318.
Rohrkasten A, Ferenz HJ (1985) Invitro study of selective endocytosis of vitellogenin of locust oocytes. Roux’s. Arch. Dev. Biol. 194, 411-416.
Saleem MA, Shakoori AR (1986) Biochemical effects of sublethal doses of cypermethrin on the sixth instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 3(5), 447-455.
Saleem MA, Shakoori AR, Mantle D (1998) Macromolecular and enzymatic abnormalities induced by a synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin in adult beetles of a stored grain pest, Tribolium casteneum (Herbst Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 39(4), 144-154.
Scharf ME, Siegfried BD, Meinke LJ, Wright RJ, Chandler LD, (2000) Cytochrome P450 mediated N- demethylation activity and induction in insecticide resistant and susceptible western corn rootworm populations (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 67, 137-143.
Schloter H (1985) Occurrence of weight gain reduction and inhibition of metamorphosis and storage protein formation in last larval instars of Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis after injection of Azadirachtin. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 39(2), 191-195.
Schmutterer H (1990) Properties and potential of natural pesticides from the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Annu. Rev. entomol. 35, 271-297.
Shaprio JP, Law JH, Wells MA (1988) Lipid transport in insects. Annu. Rev. entomol. 29, 297-318.
Sieber KP, Rembold H (1983) The effects of Azadirachtin on the endocrine control of molting in Locustus migratoria. J.Insect. physiol. 29,523-528.
Telfer WH, Kunkel JG (1991) The function and evolution of insect storage hexamers. A. Rev Entomol. 36, 205-228.
Valle D (1993) Vitellogenesis in insects and other groups. A review, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 88, 1-26.
Vanitha V, Thiyagesan K, Baskaran N (2011) Prevalence of intestinal parasites among captive Asian Elephants Elephas maximus. Effect of season, host demography and management systems in Tamilnadu. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 3(2), 1527- 1534.
Wyatt GR, Pan ML (1978) Insect plasma proteins. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 47, 779-817.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Gnanamani R, Ramanathan B
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/
