Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Telomerase and Inducing Cellular Replicative Senescence in Cancer Treatment
Keywords:
Telomerase, Telomerase Inhibitors, Cellular Replicative Senescence, CancerAbstract
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex which serves as a template for the addition of telomeric repeats to chromosome ends. Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes. With every cell replication, a part of the telomere end is cleaved. Telomerase helps prevent over-shortening of the telomeres, allowing the cell to replicate indefinitely. Cellular replicative senescence can occur when the telomere caps have been cleaved to the point that the genome is at risk of degradation during replication. At this stage, the cell arrests its cell cycle and enters a dormant state. Cancer cells allow themselves to replicate indefinitely by increasing telomerase expression, preventing them from entering senescence. By decreasing telomerase expression in cancer cells, we can force them to enter senescence and limit their ability to proliferate, which can be a viable treatment option. In order to find viable treatment options, we need to compare the relationship between telomerase expression and cellular senescence between different treatments. In this paper, we discuss treatment options and their effectiveness of decreasing telomerase expression and triggering cellular senescence in cancer cells.
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