Gonocephalum simplex under the Microscope: Influence of seasonal variations on gregarine parasitism

Abstract

Understanding the complex interplay between host organisms and their parasites is crucial for elucidating ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Gonocephalum simplex is a beetle species of significant ecological importance and Gregarines are protozoan parasites commonly found in the intestines of various invertebrates, including beetles, where they can affect host fitness and behaviour. Gregarine parasites naturally infect G. simplex and can influence its population dynamics. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies for controlling Gonocephalum simplex can be enhanced by leveraging gregarine parasites as a biological control agent.  However, its interaction with gregarine remains relatively unexplored. So, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of gregarine parasites in Gonocephalum simplex population and how seasonal variations influence its susceptibility to gregarine parasites from different regions of Nashik district of Maharashtra.  In this study total of 1186 Gonocephalum simplex specimens were examined under a microscope for the presence of gregarine parasites. Our findings revealed a significant prevalence of gregarine parasites, with approximately 78.33% of the sampled beetles being infected. Further analysis indicated seasonal variations in infection rates. The implications of these findings on the ecology and health of Gonocephalum simplex populations in Nashik are discussed, highlighting the need for further research on the dynamics of gregarine-parasite interactions in this region. Future research should focus on the mechanisms driving these seasonal patterns and the potential impact of climate change on parasite prevalence.