The Role of Telomerase in Celular Aging, Cancer, and Developmental disorders: Mechanisms and Regulation.
Keywords:
Telomerase, Telomeres, Stem Cells, Regulation, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Dyskeratosis Congenital, Expression.Abstract
Telomeres are a structure found at the end of chromosomes that act as a cap to protect the genetic code. Every time cells divide; the length of telomeres decreases. This initiates the aging process, as when telomeres reach critical length cells perform apoptosis (programmed cell death). Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for preserving telomere length, however, it has not been found active in somatic cells; its levels of detection are limited to certain types of stem cells and are prevalent in most cancers. This review will address the potential effects the deregulation of telomerase may have in a human organism. To do so, the role and regulatory mechanisms involved in controlling telomerase expression including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation will be described. Additionally, the effects of various genes implicated in these regulatory processes are discussed as well.
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