Effect of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes, plant densities and phosphous on productivity, nutrients uptake, soil fertility changes and economics in Central high lands o Ethiopia

Authors

  • Tekle Edossa Kubure Department of Plant sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia, East Africa.
  • Raghavaiah Cherukuri V Department of Plant sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia, East Africa.
  • Chavhan Arvind Department of Zoology, D.B. College, Bhokar, SRTM Univerity, Nanded, Maharashtra, India-431801
  • Ibrahim Hamza Department of Plant sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia, East Africa.

Keywords:

Faba bean genotypes, plant densities, phosphorus nutrition, yield, nutrient removal, soil fertility changes, economics, vertisols

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Ambo University research farm with the objective to determine the optimum P rate and population densities in faba bean (Vicia faba l.) genotypes grown on vertisols. The treatments comprised three genotypes (Hachalu, Walki and Local), three spacings ( 30 cmx7.5 cm, 40 cmx5.0 cm and 60 cmx5.0 cm) and two phosphorus levels (0 kg p205/ha and 46 kg p205/ha,) which were laid out in a split- split plot design with three replications. The results showed that the improved genotype, Walki (3,407 kg/ha) was comparable with Hachalu (3,037 kg/ha) and gave substantially greater seed yield than the local cultivar (2,833 kg/ha). Seeding at 44 plants/m2 resulted in substantially higher seed and biological yields (3,815 kg/ha and 7,894 kg/ha) than 50 plants/m2 (3,074 kg/ha and 6,570 kg/ha) and 33 plants/m2 (2,388 kg/ha and 4,696 kg/ha); although the harvest index was unaltered. Fertilization of faba bean with 46 kg p205/ha resulted in substantial increase in seed (3,531 kg/ha) and biological yields (7,172 kg/ha) over no fertilizer check (2,654 kg/ha seed and 5,602 kg/ha haulm yield). The harvest index tended to improve with p nutrition (49.7) over no phosphorus (47.4). Correlations worked between yield and growth and yield components showed a significant positive relation between seed yield and plant height at different stages, leaf area/plant, leaf area index, biological yield and seed yield/plant. Biomass yield is correlated with leaf area/plant, leaf area index, and plant height. Nutrient (np) removal of genotypes both in seed and haulm has been greater in Walki and Hachalu than in the local cultivar. The n removal in seed and haulm of Walki was 107 kg/ha and 58 kg/ha; and the corresponding removal of Hachalu was 95 kg/ha and 52 kg/ha; while that of the local cultivar was 89 kg/ha and 48 kg/ha. The n uptake in seed and haulm has been greater with 44 plants/m2 (120 kg/ha and 66 kg/ha) in comparison with 50 plants/m2 (97 kg/ha and 54 kg/ha)and 33 plants/m2 (75 kg/ha and 37 kg/ha). The uptake of p in seed and haulm increased with p application (11.3 kg/ha and 3.6 kg/ha) over no p-application (8.5 kg/ha and 2.7 kg/ha). In protein yield, Walki and Hachalu were better than the local variety. Maintaining 44 plants/m2 performed better than 50 and 33plants/m2. Application of 46 kgp2o5/ha out yielded no P check. Nutrient dynamics of soil after harvest of crop showed that there was an increase in soil N status ranging from 0.00 to 0.05 percent but a sharp decline in soil P and K contents after the crop harvest due to greater removal by the crop, which ranged from 4.03 to 4.27 ppm of P and 0.15 to 0.01 meq/100g of K. Economic analysis of the genotypes showed that Walki gave the highest net returns (ETB 29,642/ha) followed by Hachalu (ETB 24,827/ha) and the local cultivar (ETB 22,178/ha). Maintaining 44 plants/m2 gave higher net return (ETB 34,938/ha) than 50 plants/m2 (ETB 25,309/ha) and 33 plants/m2 (ETB 16,401/ha). Phosphorus fertilization resulted in a net return of ETB 31,247/ha compared with ETB 21,233/ha obtained with no phosphorus.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agegnehu G and Chilot Y (2009) Integrated nutrient management in faba bean and wheat on Nitisols. Research Report No. 78. EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Agegnehu G, Ghizaw A and Sinebo W (2006) Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands. European Journal of Agronomy 25: 202–207.

Amanuel Gorfu,Tanner DG, Assefa Taa, Duga Debele (1993) Observation on wheat and barley-based cropping sequences trials conducted for eight years in South-eastern Ethiopia. Paper presented at the 8th Regional Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, 7-20 June 1993, Kampala, Uganda.

Amare G (1990) Evaluation of Faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) production packages on Farmers fields in Arsi Administrative Region Ethiopia. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University of Agriculture, Haramaya, Ethiopia.

Asfaw Tilaye, Tesfaye Getachew and Beyene Demtsu (1994) Genetics and breeding of faba bean. P.97-121. In: Asfaw Tilaye et al., (Eds.) Cool-season food legumes of Ethiopia. Proc. First National cool-season food legumes review conference, 16-20 December 1993, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. ICARDA/IAR. ICARDA. Syria.

Babiker EE,Elsheikh Osman AG and El-Tinay AH (1995) Effect of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fertilization and viral infection on yield, tannin and protein contents and In vitro protein digestibility of faba bean. Plant Foods Hum Nutr., 47: 257-263.

Balaban M and Sepetoğlu H (1991) Growth, nutrients uptake and grain yield in faba bean genotypes under various plant densities. J. Ege Univ., 26(3): 181-197.

Bond DA, Lawes DA, Hawtin GC, Saxena MC and Stephens JS (1985) Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). In: R.J. Summerfield and E.H. Roberts (eds.), Grain Legume Crops. William Collins Sons Co. Ltd. 8 Grafton Street, London, WIX 3LA, UK.pp199-265

Bouyoucos GH (1951) Reclamation of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agron. J. 43: 434-438.

Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2013/14) Agricultural sample survey. Report on area and production for major crops (private peasant holdings, meher season). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Chavan JK, Kute KS and Kadam SS (1989) In: CRC Hand Book of World legumes..D.D .Salunkhe and S.S. kadam (eds) ,Boka Raton, Florida, USA:CRC Press. Pp 223-245

Davood Hashemabadi (2013) Phosphorus fertilizers effect on the yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Department of Horticultural Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.

Duke JA (1981) Handbook of legumes of world economic importance. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 199-265.

Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) (2011) Faba bean producing manual. Holetta Agricultural Research Center. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Fageria NK (2002) Nutrient management for sustainable dry bean production in the tropics. Communications in Soil Sci. and Plant Analysis, 33: 1537-1575.

FAO (2008) Fertilizer and plant nutrition bulletin: Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis. Rome, Italy. p203.

FAOSTAT (2008) http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/ default.aspx#ancor.

FAOSTAT (2009) Food and Agriculture Organization http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx United Nations field bean (Vicia faba L.var. minor). C.R. Seances Acad. Agric. Fr., 66: 757-770.

Ford JE and Dewitt D (1980) Protein quality in Sorghum and field bean (Vicia faba L) as measured as biological and microbiological assays. In vicia faba: feeding value, processing and Viruses. Pp. 125-140 Ed. By D.A.Bond; Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Gemechu Keneni, Mussa Jarso and Tezera Wolabu (2006) Faba bean (Vicia faba L) Genetics and Breeding Research in Ethiopia: A Review. In: Ali Kemal, Kenneni Gemechu, Ahmed Seid, Malhatra Rajendra, Beniwal Surendra, Makkouk Khaled, Halila MH,( eds). Food and Forage legumes of Ethiopia: Progress and prospects. Proceedings of the workshop on Food and Forage Legume, 22-26 September 2003. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Hamissa MR (1973) Fertilizer requirements for Broad beans and Lentils Improvement and Production of Field crops, First FAO/SIDA Seminar for Plant Scientists from Africa and Near East, Cairo, Egypt, Sept.

Haque et al. (1986) Improved management of vertisols for sustainable crop-livestock production in Ethiopia. 4. Nutrient Management. Plant Science Division Working Document 13. ILCA, Addis Ababa., Ethiopia.

Hill-Cottingham DG and Sansum LL (1980) Seasonal changes in the major nutrient content of Vicia faba plants. Communs. Soil Science, pl. Anal. 11: 517-524. Ihsanullah Daur, Hasan Sepetoğlu, Khan Bahadar Marwat and Mithat Nuri Geverek (2010) Nutrient Removal, Performance Of Growth and Yield Of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Department of Agronomy, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Department of Field Crops, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey, Department of Weed Science, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan.an (Vicia faba L.) II d production of dry matter. Ishag HM (1973) Physiology of seed yield in field beans (Vicia faba L.) J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 80: 191-199. Kay D (1979) Crop and Product Digest No. 3 -Food legumes. London: Tropical Products Institute. UK. p.26-47. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kopke U and Nemecek T (2010) Ecological services of faba bean. Field Crops Research, 115: 217-233. Murinda MV and Saxena MC (1983, 1985) Agronomy of faba beans, lentils and chickpeas. p. 229-244. In: M.C. Saxena and S. Verma (eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Faba Beans, Kabuli Chickpeas and Lentils in the 1980s. ICARDA, 16-20 May, 1983. Aleppo, Syria. Newton Z, Ann C and Rowland M (2011) Grain legume impacts on soil biological processes in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Plant sciences, 5: 1-7.

Nuruzzaman M, Lambers H,Bolland MDA and Veneklaas EJ (2005) Phosphorus uptake by grain legumes and subsequently grown wheat at different levels of residual phosphorus fertiliser. Austr. J. Agricult. Res. 56: 1041-1047. Olsen SR andDean LA (1965) Phosphorous. In C. A. Black (ed). Methods of Soil analysis, Agronomy No. 9, Am. Soc. Agron. Madisen, Wisconsin, USA.pp1044-1046 Salih FA, Ali AM and Elmubarak AA (1986) Effect of phosphorus application and time of harvest on the seed yield and quality of faba bean. FABIS Newsletter, 15: 32-35. Salisbery FB and Ross CW (1992) Plant Physiology. 4 ed. Wadsworth cengage learuing, New Delhi. Tekalign Tadesse (1991) Soil, plant, water, fertilizer, animal manure and compost analysis. Working Document No. 13. International Livestock Research Center for Africa, Addis Ababa. Tesfaye Balemi T (2012) Effect of integrated use of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers on tuber yield of potato in Ethiopia . Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12 (2): 257-265 Thompson R and Taylor H (1977) Yield components and cultivars sowing date and density in faba bean. Ann. Appl. Biol. 86: 313-320. Wallace I (1951) The diagnosis of mineral deficiencies in plants, HMSO, London. Walkley A and Black CA (1934) An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Sci., 63:251-263. Yohannis D (2000) Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Ethiopia.

Downloads

Published

2015-10-10

How to Cite

Tekle Edossa Kubure, Raghavaiah Cherukuri V, Chavhan Arvind, & Ibrahim Hamza. (2015). Effect of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes, plant densities and phosphous on productivity, nutrients uptake, soil fertility changes and economics in Central high lands o Ethiopia. International Journal of Life Sciences, 3(4), 287–305. Retrieved from https://ijlsci.in/ls/index.php/home/article/view/1250

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 4 (2015): International Journal of Life Sciences

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2015 Authors

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/