In vitro antifungal activity of ketoconazole against clinical isolates of Candida and Cryptococcus spp.

Authors

  • Ukesh CS Dept of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati. 444 603 (M.S.) INDIA
  • Patil SD Dept of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati. 444 603 (M.S.) INDIA

Keywords:

Antifungal activity, Ketoconazole, Susceptibility testing

Abstract

The incidence of fungal infections has been rising over the past few decades contributing to morbidity and mortality. Antifungal activity of ketoconazole was evaluated against clinical isolates of Candida abicans, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans by broth macrodilution, broth microdilution and agar dilution methods. Ketoconazole showed strong antifungal activities against isolated strains of Candida and Cryptococcus. Ketoconazole effectively inhibited C. albicans in the MIC range of 1.25-80 μg/ml by broth micro dilution, 2.5-160 μg/ml by broth macro dilution and 2.5-160 μg/ml by agar dilution method. Candida spp were more resistant to ketoconazole than Cryptococcus neoformans, as C. neoformans was inhibited at lower MIC range of 1.25-40 μg/ml. Agar dilution method showed higher MIC values as compared to broth dilution. The results suggest promising antifungal properties of ketoconazole.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Barry AL, Pfaller MA, Brown SD, Espinel-Ingroff A, Ghannoum MA, Knapp C, Rennie RP, Rex JH and Rinaldi MG (2000) Quality control limits for broth microdilution susceptibility tests of ten antifungal agents. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38: 3457 – 3459. Beena Shino, Faizal C, Peedikayil, Jaiprakash SR, Gufran AB, Kottayi S, and Jose D (2016) Comparison of antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine, coconut oil, probiotics, and ketoconazole on Candida albicans isolated in children with early childhood caries: an in vitro study. Scientifica. Article ID 7061587, 5 pages.

Chakrabarty A, Ghosh A, Kanta A, and Kumar P (1995) In vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida. Ind. J. Med. Res., 102: 13-19.

CLSI (2008) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard-third edition; CLSI document M27-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087-1898 USA.

Colombo AL, Barchiesi F, McGough DA, and Rinaldi MG (1995) Comparison of E test and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution method for azole antifungal susceptibility testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 535-540.

Hacek DM, Noskin GA, Trakes K and Peterson LR (1995) Initial use of broth microdilution method suitable for in vitro testing and fungal isolates in a clinical microbiology laboratory. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33 : 1884 – 1889.

Kerridge D (1986) Mode of action of clinically important antifungal drugs. Ad. Microb. Physiol. 27: 1-72.

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1992) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Proposed standard M-27 P National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova Pa.

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2002). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: Approved standard. 2nd ed. NCCLS document M27-A2, NCCLS, Wayne, Pennsylvania.

Odds FC, Vranckx L, and Woestenborghs F (1995) Antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts: Evaluation of technical variables for test automation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39: 2051-2060.

Sardi JCO, Scorzoni L, Bernardi T, Fusco-Almeida AM and Mendes Giannini MJS, (2013) Candida species: current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options. J. Med Microbiol., 62, 10–24.

Torres-Rodriguez JM, Mendez R, Lopez-Jodra, Morera Y, Espasa M, Jimenez T and Lagunas C (1999) In vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to the new antifungal eberconazole compared with their susceptibilities to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 1258-1259.

Van CJ, Van GF and Janssen PAJ (1986) The in vitro evaluation of azoles. In: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antifungal agents. Iwata K. and Vanden Bossche H. (Ed.). Elsevier Sci Pub. 51-64..

White TC, Scott H, Francis D (2002) Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46 (6): 1704 – 1713.

Downloads

Published

2017-04-11

How to Cite

Ukesh CS, & Patil SD. (2017). In vitro antifungal activity of ketoconazole against clinical isolates of Candida and Cryptococcus spp. International Journal of Life Sciences, 5(1), 97–101. Retrieved from https://ijlsci.in/ls/index.php/home/article/view/1365

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): International Journal of Life Sciences

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2017 Authors

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/