Evaluation of potato cultivars and fungicides for the management of late blight (Phytophthora infestans (mont) de bary) in Holleta, West Showa, Ethiopia.
Keywords:
Fungicides, Host resistance, Potato cultivars, late blight, Phytophthora infestansAbstract
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is one of the most significant constraints to potato production in Ethiopia. Fungicides and host plant resistance are among the most efficient control options available to growers. Field trials were conducted during the year 2015-2016 in Holleta Agricultural Research Center, Holleta, Ethiopia, to evaluate the effectiveness of four fungicides viz. Ridomil MZ 68 WG, Victory 72 WP (Mancozeb with Metalaxyl), Horizon 680 WG and Mancozeb application in weekly intervals on three potato cultivars Gudene (CIP-386423.13; Relatively Resistant), Gera (KP-90134.2; Moderate Relatively Resistant) and Jalene (CIP-384321.19, Susceptible cultivar). Late blight infection was prevalent in the experimental year and significant amount of disease incidence and severity were detected. Application of fungicide treatments considerably reduced late blight disease progress, with a corresponding decrease in disease index and increase in their tuber yields. The disease incidence reached the maximum of 91.5 % on the unsprayed control susceptible variety, Jalene and 55 and 38.5 % was recorded on moderate resistant varieties, Gudene and Gera, respectively. The percent final disease severity was recorded significant difference in sprayed and unsprayed plots. The highest severity (78%) reduction was recorded in all fungicide treated Gera variety. The highest severity was recorded in varieties of Jalene (83.5%) and Gudene (30%) with untreated control. In this study, Victory 72 WP retarded late blight development consistently when combined with all varieties and the highest yields were obtained from plots treated with Victory 72 WP. Higher tuber yield was recorded on the variety Gera (48.47 tons/ha) followed by Gudene and Jalene and the lowest tuber yield was recorded in the control treatments (no sprays). Based on late blight disease occurrence, application of Victory 72 WP and Ridomil MZ 68 WG fungicides reduced disease development and increased tuber yield significantly in all the cultivars as compared to the other two fungicides. Economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit was obtained from Gera when sprayed at weekly intervals followed by Gudene and the least was obtained from Jalene unsprayed plot. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the application of fungicides, Victory 72 WP and Ridomil MZ 68 WG in weekly intervals were more economical and feasible for the management of late blights of potato and increases tuber yields markedly. Further, cost effective and feasible integrated management options need to be developed for potato late blight in the country.
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