Global Sustainable Development Agenda: Integrated Pathways and Environmental Governance within the Vision of Viksit Bharat 2047
Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals, Environmental Governance, Climate Policy, Biodiversity Conservation, Renewable Energy, Viksit Bharat 2047Abstract
Sustainable development has emerged as a central global policy framework for addressing the interconnected challenges of environmental degradation, economic inequality, and social welfare. The adoption of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 represents a major milestone in international environmental governance, establishing a comprehensive framework for sustainable global development. However, the SDGs are the result of a long historical evolution of international environmental treaties, policy frameworks, and multilateral agreements that have progressively shaped the global sustainability agenda. The present study examines the origin, evolution, and policy framework of sustainable development by analysing major international environmental agreements and sustainability initiatives. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of biodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, water resource management, renewable energy transitions, and circular waste management in achieving sustainable development objectives. The study also examines India’s sustainability initiatives within the broader national development framework of Viksit Bharat 2047, which aims to transform India into a developed, technologically advanced, and environmentally sustainable nation by the centenary of its independence.The analysis reveals that sustainable development governance has evolved from sector-specific environmental policies to integrated sustainability frameworks involving multiple sectors and stakeholders. Achieving the SDGs requires strong environmental governance, technological innovation, international cooperation, and effective national policy implementation. India's development strategies aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 demonstrate the integration of environmental sustainability with long-term economic growth and social development.
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