Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development: Global Water Governance, International Policy Frameworks and Indian Perspectives

Abstract

Water resources constitute one of the most critical natural assets supporting ecological balance, human health, and socio-economic development. Despite the abundance of water on the Earth’s surface, freshwater resources suitable for human consumption are limited and increasingly threatened by population growth, climate change, pollution, and unsustainable patterns of consumption. Sustainable management of water resources has therefore become a central priority within global environmental governance and sustainable development frameworks. The present study examines the evolution of global water governance through major international treaties, policy frameworks, and sustainability agreements that emphasize sustainable water resource management. The study also evaluates national water management initiatives in India, including major government policies and programs designed to address water scarcity and ensure equitable access to clean water. The findings indicate that integrated water resource management, strengthened environmental governance, technological innovation, and community participation are essential for ensuring long-term water sustainability. The study concludes that effective implementation of global and national water policies is critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and ensuring water security for future generations.