Sensor Technology For Environmental Monitoring: An Overview
Keywords:
Sensors, environmental protection, environmental monitoringAbstract
Pollution of the environment is a problem of the modern age. The technology developed and used over the past decades has left serious consequences on human health and environment and implied the need for resolving them. Pollution which contaminates water, air & soil which affects ecosystems and creates new diseases which hazards human being. Preserving quality of water, air and soil are quite common issues in many countries. Sensor technology has significantly improved over the past few years. Sensors are smaller, lighter, more reliable and portable. They are capable of monitoring and measuring certain features of observed phenomena and can be placed anywhere. Sensors should allow one to move the measurement of numerous inorganic and organic pollutants from laboratory to the field and to perform them rapidly, inexpensively and reliably. Thus sensor technology plays a very important role to control and monitor the environment. In the present paper various types of sensors like electrochemical biosensors, chemically modified sensors & stripping based metals sensors and their applications in environmental monitoring and environmental protection is overviewed.
Downloads
References
1. Arrigan O (1994) Voltammetric determination of trace metals and organics after accumulation at modified electrodes. Analyst, 119, 1953,.
2. Clark B, dePaoli D, McTaggart D, Patton B (1988) On-line voltammetric analyzer for trace metals in waste water. Anal. Chim. Acta, 215,13.
3. Csoregi E, Gorton L, Marko-Varga, G, Tudos A, ok T (1994) Peroxidase-modofied carbon fiber microelectrode in flow-through detyection of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides. Anal. Chem. 66, 3604.
4. Cai X, Kalcher K (1994) Studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of aliphatic aldehydes on Pd-modified carbon paste electrodes. Elcreoanalysis, 6, 397.
5. Doherty A, Forster R, Smyth M, Vos J, (1991) Development of a sensor for the detection of nitrite using a glassy carbon electrode modified with the electrocatalyst [ (Os)(bipy)2(PVP)10Cl]Cl. Anal. Chim. Acta, 255, 45.
6. Fogg A, scullion S, Edmond T, Birch B (1991) Direct reductive amperometric determination of nitrate at a copper electrode formed in-situ in a capillary fill sensor device. Analyst. 116, 573.
7. Frew J, Hill H (1987) Electrochemical Biosensors. Anal Chem., 59, 933A.
8. Gorki W and Cox J (1994) Amperometric determination of N-nitrosamines in aqueous solution at a electrode coated with a Ru-based inorganic polymer. Anal. Chem., 66, 2771.
9. Gao Z, Ivaska A, Pin L, Kuaizhi L, Jianjun Y (1992) Electrocatalysis and flow inection analysis for hydrogen peroxide at a chemicaly modified electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 259, 211.
10. Kobos R (1987) Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. Trends Anal. Chem., 6, 6.
11. Kotte H, Grundig B, Vorlop, K, Strehlitz B, Stottmeister U (1995) Methylphenazonium-Modified Enzyme sensor based on polymer thick films for Subnanomolar detection of phenols. Anal. Chem. 67, 65.
12. Murray RW, Ewing AG, Durst R (1987) Chemically modified electrodes: Molecular Design for electroanalysis. Anl Chem., 59, 379.
13. Ortega F, Dominguez E, Burestedt E, Emneus J, Gorton L, Marko-Varga, G (1994) Phenol oxidase-based biosensor as selective detection units in column chrmomatography for the determination of phenolic compounds. J. Chromatogr. 675, 65.
14. Turner, AP, Karube I, Wison G (1987) Biosensors:Fundamentals and Applications. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, 770.
15. Tercier M, Buffle J, Zirino A, De Vitre, R (1990) In-situ voltammetric measurments of trace elements in lakes and oceans. Anal. Chem. Acta, 237, 429.
16. Tercier M, Buffle J (1993) In-situ voltammetric measurments in natura waters:future prospects and challenges, Elecroanalysis, 5, 187.
17. Wang J, Chen Q, Remote Electrochemical Biosensor for Field monitoring of Phenolic compounds. Anal Chem.
18. Wang J, Chen Q (1995) Microfabricated phenol biosensors based on screen-printing of Tyrosinase-containing Carbon ink, Anal Letters, 28 (7).
19. Wang J, Freiha B, Naser N, Romero E Wollenberger U, Ozsoz M. Evans O (1991) Amperomeric biosensing of organic peroxides with peroxidase modified electrodes. Anal. Chim. Acta, 254, 81.
20. Wang, J., Modified electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Electroanalysis, 3, 255, 1991.
21. Wang J, Lu Z (1989) Electrocatalysis and determination of Hydrazine compounds at glassy carbon electrodes coated with mixed-valent Ru (III, II) cynide film, Elecroanalysis. 1, 517, 1989.
22. Wang J, Angnes L, Chen, L, Evans O (1991) Electrocatalysis and amperometric detection of organic peroxides at modified carbon paste electrodes. Talanta, 38, 1077.
23. Wang J, Sediadji R, Chen L, Lu J, Morton S (1992) Automated system for on-line adsorptive stripping voltammetric monitoring system of trace levels of Uranium. Electroanalysis., 4,161.
24. Wang J, Tian B (1992) Screen-printed stripping voltammetric/potentiometric electrodes for decentralized testing of trace lead. Anal. Chem. 64, 1706, 1992.
25. Wang J, Larson D, Foster N, Armalis S, Lu J, Rongrong X, Olsen K, Zirino A (1995) Remote electrochemical sensor for trace metal contaminants. Anal. Chem.
26. Wang J, Stripping analysis, VCH Publishers. New York, 1985, 159.
27. Wang J (1982) Anodic stripping voltammetry as an analytical tool, Environ. Sci., Technol., 16, 104A.
28. Wang J (1994) Decentralized electrochemical monitoring of trace metals: from disposal strips to remote electrodes, analyst, 119, 763,1994.
29. Zirino A, Lieberman S, Clavell C (1978) Measurment of Cu and zn in san Diego Bay by automated Anodic stripping Voltamemetry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 73, 1978.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Authors
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If the material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/