A study of environmental deterioration and incidence of parasitic diseases
Keywords:
Hygiene conditions, intestinal worms, parasitic diseases, protozoansAbstract
The emergence of infectious diseases is linked with environmental deterioration. The food-borne, water-borne and air-borne diseases are directly associated with the sanitary conditions of the locality. In evaluating the chain of infection, the environment plays a key role in reservoir maintenance as well as the route of transmission through food, water and air. Infectious diseases in our country are most common because people are not so aware of the parasitic infections that lead to illness, disability and death. The most prevalent parasitic diseases in India are amoebiasis, Giardiasis, trichomoniasis, dracunculiasis and malaria caused by Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Dracunculus medinensis and Plasmodium falciparum respectively. In the present study, 78.86% of children harboured Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.84% Enterobius vermicularis, 8.92% Ancylostoma duodenale and 2.36% Dracunculus medinensis infection. Entamoeba histolytica infection dominated Escherichia coli and also reported an increased risk of amoebiasis in certain categories of children, pregnant women and patients under immunosuppression. Among protozoan infections, no case of trypanosomiasis and kala-azar was reported whereas, among the helminth infections, the prevalence rate of Wuchereria bancrofti (0.77%) and Loa loa (1.08%) was less. Entamoeba histolytica showed the highest prevalence rate followed by Giardia intestinalis. Double infection with protozoans (i.e. E. histolytica and G. intestinalis) showed a prevalence rate of 4.66% while protozoan and helminth infection (i.e. E. histolytica and A. lumbricoides) was 3.33%.
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